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Cooper S, 2D Hatchback, Automatic
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Steering And Suspension - Overview
Steering And Suspension - Overview
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MINI Steering and Suspension
Basic Suspension Geometry
Caster
Cross Caster
Camber
Cross Camber
Toe In/Toe Out
Steering Roll Radius (Steering Offset)
Steering Axis Inclination (SAI)
Included Angle (IA)
Toe Out on Turns
Geometric Axis
Thrust Line/Thrust Angle
Positive Thrust Angle
Negative Thrust Angle
Alignment Procedures
Elasto-Kinematics
Suspension System
Notes
Front Suspension
Notes
System Components
Notes
Front Subframe
Lower Control Arms
Anti-Roll Bar and Links
Modified McPherson Struts
Front Shocks
Front Springs
Top Mount
Rear Suspension
Notes
System Components
Notes
Trailing Arms
Lateral Links
Rear Anti-Roll Bar and Links
Rear Springs
Rear Shocks and Top Mounts
Adjustments
Notes
Front Suspension Adjustments
Rear Suspension Adjustments
Alignment Procedures
Vehicle Inspection
Road Testing
Ride Height Measurement
Notes
MINI Ride Height Tool
Alignment Specifications
Alignment Checklist
Steering
Notes
Purpose of the System
System Components
EHPS
Rack and Pinion
Steering Column
Steering Wheel
EHPS Cooling Fan
Principle of Operation